Which characteristic is associated with the phylum Arthropoda?

The characteristic associated with the phylum Arthropoda is body segmentation and exoskeleton. Arthropods are known for their distinctive body structure, which includes segmented bodies divided into distinct regions such as the head, thorax, and abdomen. This segmentation allows for a greater variety of body forms and functions. In addition, arthropods possess an exoskeleton made of chitin, which provides support and protection. This exoskeleton is critical for their survival, as it helps prevent water loss and offers structural integrity.

In contrast to the other options, the presence of a backbone indicates a completely different phylum—vertebrates, which belong to the phylum Chordata. The possession of feathers is specific to birds, also part of Chordata, and is not relevant to arthropods. Meanwhile, having four limbs is typical of mammals, another subgroup within Chordata, further distancing these characteristics from those of arthropods. Thus, the combination of body segmentation and an exoskeleton is defining for arthropods and distinguishes them from organisms in other phyla.