Which approach does biological pest control primarily rely on?

Biological pest control primarily relies on naturally occurring predators and pathogens to manage pest populations. This approach is based on the idea of utilizing the natural ecosystem to keep pest numbers in check. By introducing or enhancing the population of natural enemies, such as predators (like ladybugs or parasitic wasps) or pathogens (like specific fungi or bacteria that target pests), pest control can be achieved in a sustainable manner without the reliance on synthetic chemicals.

This method not only helps to reduce pest populations but also promotes biodiversity and minimizes the risk of chemical resistance developing in pests. It can also have a lower environmental impact compared to chemical methods, as it often requires less intervention and can work in synergy with other natural processes.

In contrast, genetically modified organisms take a different approach by altering the genetic makeup of crops or organisms to resist pests, which doesn't align directly with the principles of biological pest control. Chemical deterrents, such as pesticides, are typically categorized under chemical control methods, and while they can be effective, they do not fit the biological paradigm. Environmental modifications involve changing habitats to make them less conducive to pests; while useful, this is not the primary mechanism behind biological pest control strategies.